I. The Core Question: What Happens When Money Itself Becomes Infrastructure? For nearly half a century, global payments evolved like ...

I. Introduction: The End of Cost-First Globalization For nearly four decades, global supply chains were governed by a simple principle:produce ...

I. Introduction: The End of Hyper-Globalization and the New Reality of Fragmented Capital Flows For nearly three decades, global capital ...

Introduction: The Monetary World Enters an Era of Transformation The international monetary system—long anchored by the U.S. dollar and supported ...

Introduction: Entering an Age of Structural Slowdown The global economy has entered a period marked not by cyclical slowdown but ...

1. A Cooling Engine By mid-2025, the U.S. economy is showing unmistakable signs of deceleration. After a surprisingly resilient 2023–2024 ...

1. The End of an Era of Certainty In the aftermath of one of the most aggressive tightening cycles in ...

1. The Great American Imbalance As the world’s most powerful economy enters the second half of the 2020s, the United ...

1. The Waning Echo of Fiscal Stimulus When the United States entered 2025, the echoes of the pandemic-era fiscal and ...

1. A Decade Defined by Strategic Ambiguity As the United States moves deeper into the 2020s, its economic engine is ...